May: Hello, Jack. Have you got plans for the summer holidays?
Jack: Hi, May. Yes, I have. I'm going to stay with an American family. I want to improve my English.
May: Wow! That's a good way to improve（提高） your English. Where are you going?
Jack: I'm flying to LA. The family live there.
May: Have they got children?
Jack: Yes, they have. They've got a son the same age as me. He's learning Chinese.
May: Then you'll speak Chinese all the time!
Jack: No, I won't. I'm going to learn a lot of English.
May: How long are you going to stay with them?
Jack: Two months.
May: Two months! That's a really long time.
Jack: Well, there's a lot to do in America.
May: What do you want to do in LA?
Jack: I want to see the film studios（影视制作基地）! But we won't stay in LA all the time. They are going to take me on holiday to different parts of the country.
May: Fantastic! Will they take you to New York?
Jack: Yes, I hope so.
May: When are you leaving?
Jack: On 1st July.
May: Um—would you like a friend to go with you?
Jack: Who?
May: Me!

David: I would like to see that film.
Ben: Well, let's go tonight. Do you want to meet me at the cinema?
David: I can't, sorry. I've got too much homework to do. I must complete a project, and I've got a story to write for my English lesson. It's going to take me a long time to finish it all.
Ben: I'm sorry to hear that. But it's good to try and do as much homework as you can every night.
David: That's true, but I also need some time to enjoy my life!
Ben: Yes, you're right. Look, I want to help you, so I won't go to the cinema tonight. I'll wait until you finish your work, and we can go to the cinema some other time.
David: It's really nice of you to suggest that. Thanks!

The last one

"So that's the last one, isn't it?" said the visitor, looking at the animal in the cage.

"It isn't very interesting, is it? What does it do all day?"

"Nothing," replied the zoo keeper. "It just sits there looking unhappy."

"I am not surprised it is almost extinct now. It does not look strong. It is quite ugly, isn't it?"

"I believe they can be dangerous when there are a lot of them. But it is sad to see an animal become extinct."

"Well, it is for some animals, but I really don't think the world will be less beautiful when it goes," said the visitor walking away.

对话练习

1.4 Karen and Mike talk about their school party.

Mike: Are you going to the school party?

Karen: Yea, I am. I want to wear my beautiful jeans to the party!

Mike: You can't do that!

Karen: What will happen if I do?

Mike: The teachers won't let you in. You should wear your cool pants or skirt.

Karen: That's a great idea.

动词不定式做宾语、表语、状语的用法

动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带to，动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。不定式保留动词的某些特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语，叫做不定式短语。现对动词不定式做宾语、表语和状语的用法作一次简要梳理。 
一、用作宾语 
1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如： 
1) We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. 
2) He prefers to eat white bread and rice.
3) I’d love to visit Mexico.

2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...，介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to。如： 
1) Could you please tell me where to park my car? 
2) It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations. 

3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式，句子结构是...feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...。如： 
I find it difficult to remember everything. 

4.既可接动词不定式又可接ing形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。一般说来，动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程，ing形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格，特别是美国英语，即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。如： 
1) Then I started to watch English-language TV.
2) I’m beginning to understand my Chinese roots, and who I am. 
begin用了进行时态，后面只接不定式作宾语，表示事情刚开始，还要继续下去。 
3) I like to eat vegetables. 
感知动词like, love, know等一般不用进行时态。 

5.后接动词不定式或ing形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接ing形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。stop to do停下来做另外一件事，to do是目的状语；stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事，doing是宾语。try to do尽力做，try doing试试看；go on to do接着做另外的事，go on doing继续做原来的事。如： 
1) When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with me.
2) I stopped using them last year. 

二、用作表语 
动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如： 
1. The best way to improve your English is to join an English club. 
2. The first thing is to greet the teacher. 

三、用作状语 
1.目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。如：
1) In order not to offend people, learning about language etiquette is just as important as learning grammar or vocabulary.
2) A group of young people got together to(in order to / so as to) discuss this question. 
to do / in order to do / so as to do用作目的状语，置句末时都可以用，置句首时只用to do / in order to do。so as to do一般不置于句首，可以引导结果状语从句，in order to do不引导结果状语从句。 
2.原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do...”结构句中。 
如： 
My dogs name is “Lucky”—a good name for him because I feel very lucky to have him.　　 
On Monday he told a radio interviewer that he had run out of money to buy old bikes. 

3.结果状语，多见于“too...to”，“enough to...”结构句中。如： 
1) Then I’m too tired to do well. What should I do?
2) The room needs to be big enough for three people to live in.
4.有些动词不定式作状语，常说明前面形容词的性质和特性。动词不定式与句子的主语有逻辑的动宾关系。动词不定式前面的形容词一般是：cheap, dangerous, difficult, easy, fun, hard, interesting, necessary。不定式常用主动式表被动意义。 
... the mistakes you made are necessary for you to learn and understand.
这类句子中的动词不定式可改为主语。 
5.独立动词不定式多用作插入语，表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。 
如：　　 
1) I’d like to stay healthy, but to be honest, I only eat food that tastes good. 

2) To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldn’t understand every word.

语法知识训练题

( ) 1.It’s interesting _____ this game.
 A. play B. to play C. playing D. played
( ) 2. ____ is really hard ____them to climb the mount.
 A. This, to B. This, for C. It, for D. It, to
( ) 3. We need ______ the housework at weekends.
 A. to do  B. doing C. do D. does

答案：B C A

The African elephant

The African elephant is much bigger than its Asian cousin. It weighs up to 7,000 kilograms, and it looks different, too—it's got very big ears. It moves the ears to stay cool in very hot weather. Elephants don't eat meat. They are vegetarians. They need to spend most of their time, about 18 hours a day, eating. But they can drink very quickly. It takes just a couple of minutes for an elephant to drink 200 liters of water—if it's thirsty!
    Most elephants live in groups. They have advanced communication systems. They can make many different kinds of noises, and some scientists believe they can laugh and cry. They definitely have very good memories. They can remember where they were born, and like people they are sad when a member of their family dies. Sadly, like the Asian elephant, the number of African elephants has fallen because people kill them to use their body parts. Today there are perhaps about half a million—a lot more than Asian elephants. But about a hundred years ago there were ten million.

Trouble is a Friend

trouble will find you no mater where you go, oh oh. 
no matter if you're fast no matter if you're slow, oh oh. 
the eye of the storm and the cry in the morn, oh oh. 
your fine for a while but then start to loose control. 
he's there in the dark, 
he's there in my heart, 
he waits in the winds 
he's gotta play a part. 
trouble is a friend, 
yeah trouble is a friend of mine. oh oh!

trouble is a friend but trouble is a foe, oh oh. 
and no matter what I feed him he always seems to grow, oh oh. 
he sees what I see and he knows what I know, oh oh. 
so don't forget as you ease on down the road. 
he's there in the dark, 
he's there in my heart, 
he waits in the winds 
he's gotta play a part. 
trouble is a friend, 
yeah trouble is a friend of mine. oh oh!

so don't be alarmed if he takes you by the arm. 
I won't let him win, but I'm a sucker for his charm. 
trouble is a friend, 
yeah trouble is a friend of mine. oh oh! 
oh how I hate the way he makes me feel. 
and how I try to make him leave; I try. 
oh oh I try!

he's there in the dark, 
he's there in my heart, 
he waits in the winds 
he's gotta play a part. 
trouble is a friend, 
yeah trouble is a friend of mine. oh oh! 
so don't be alarmed if he takes you by the arm. 
I won't let him win, but im a sucker for his charm. 
trouble is a friend, 
yeah trouble is a friend of mine. oh oh!

1. There are many different types of occupations in the U.S. As technology changes more new jobs will be created, so there will be jobs in the future, which are very different from the jobs that exist now. Some of the largest growth areas for jobs in America are in computers, health care or special needs teaching. 
2. Students in the U.S. will often take a test to help them determine how their interests match certain careers. They then meet with school counselors to help them choose the best university to achieve their career goals. For most positions, the minimum degree is a bachelor degree. However, many Americans continue to study and obtain graduate degrees (such as a master degree) on a part-time or full-time basis. Acquiring professional certificates and licenses is also common. In addition to studying on site, more Americans are choosing to study online due to the flexibility studying online provides. 
3. In some cultures there are times other than New Year's Day when people decide to make changes in their lives. Sometimes a birthday, a religious holiday or a folk festival marks a new beginning. Ask students what times of the year people make new beginnings in their culture. Contrast this with the making of resolutions at New Year in American and European cultures.